Heat the olive oil in a large Dutch oven over medium-high heat. Season the beef with salt and pepper, then brown in batches until golden on all sides. Remove beef and set aside.
Add onion, carrots, and celery to the same pot and sauté until softened, scraping up browned bits. Add garlic and cook for 1 more minute.
Return the beef to the pot. Add beef broth, diced tomatoes, tomato paste, Worcestershire sauce, Italian seasoning, basil, oregano, thyme, and bay leaves. Bring to a boil, reduce heat, cover, and simmer for 45 minutes.
Stir in diced red potatoes and green beans. Simmer uncovered for 15–20 minutes, until potatoes are tender.
Add corn and peas. Cook for 5 more minutes. Remove bay leaves, season with salt and pepper to taste, and serve hot.